Cadence – Relative resting point. Can be harmonic or rhythmic.

Cadences correspond to the structure of spoken language. They deliver one of two messages:

1. “This is the END!”
2. “This pause is only momentary.”

In the Common Practice Period, cadences followed standard formulas.

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Authentic Cadence

• Most common
• Very strong resolution: Leading tone to tonic
• Most direct way to establish a tonic

Progressions

Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)

• Bass Movement: 5 to 1
• Final chord contains tonic note in melody (usually the highest sounding voice)

Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)

• Lacks either characteristic of a PAC

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Plagal Cadence (PC)

• From Latin- “oblique”
• “Amen” cadence

Progressions

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Half Cadence (HC)

• Continuation, rather than conclusion
• Not found at the end of a piece

Progressions

Phrygian Half Cadence (PHC)

• Common in minor
• Half step descending bass voice

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Deceptive Cadence

• Deceptive movement from the V chord.