Category: Theory
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Major Scales
Construction Using Tetrachords Combine two major tetrachords that begin a P5 apart: Spelling on Seconds Memorize the pattern of seconds in major and use a piano keyboard: Use the Circle of Fourths Complementary Scales Complementary scales start on the same letter, but have opposing accidentals. Using the following chart makes it so that one only has…
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The Circle of Fourths
Circle of Fourths Represents the possible tonics of all major keys using only naturals, sharps, and flats 12 spokes Travelling clockwise, each spoke is a P4 above the previous “C” is at the top Three enharmonic keys exist at the bottom of the circle Construction Using the Circle of Fourths Closely Related Keys Keys most…
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Intervals, pt. 3
Rules for Inverting Intervals 1. The RULE OF NINE: Inverted diatonic intervals add up to NINE. 2. Major inverts to minor; minor inverts to major. 3. Perfect inverts to perfect. 4. Augmented inverts to diminished; diminished inverts to augmented. Enharmonic Intervals Intervals that equal the same number of semitones are called enharmonic. They sound the same…
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Chromatic Intervals
Interval Quality Chromaticism in music means that more descriptive intervals names are necessary Families The Interval of a SECOND Belongs to the imperfect family Inverts to sevenths Augmented second (A2) = 3 semitones Major second (M2) = 2 semitones Minor second (m2) = 1 semitone Diminished second (d2) = 0 semitones The Interval of a THIRD…
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Meter Boxes and Conducting
Rhythm System of organized sound and silence Rhythmic notation is based upon proportional relationships Pulse – Regular beating of the arteries Tempo – speed at which something is performed Metronome – Device that beats a pulse at a regular tempo Beat The pulse in music We typically vocalize numbers to count beats. Measures Adding measure…
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Modulation Basics
Modulation is the process by which a new tonal center is created. There is a bit of a grey area between secondary chord function, tonicization, and modulation. Tonicization tends to be a temporary twisting of the ear toward a tonic, but in a modulation the tonicization is often more well-established by persistent accidentals or through…
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Closely Related Keys
Closely related keys can be found by looking at the circle of fourths. The three adjacent keys and their relative minors are the keys with the most in common, and modulated to most often because of this. Common Chords Among Closely Related Keys The following charts show the relationships of common chords among closely related…
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Intro to the ii-V-I
Diatonic Seventh Chords in Major Check your understanding of the following chart. You should be able to identify seventh chords by their theoretical name (major-minor seventh) and by their common name (dominant seventh). Diatonic Seventh Chords in Harmonic Minor Look over the same chart in the parallel harmonic minor. Notice that the quality of the…
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Secondary Function
Secondary Leading Tone The most unique triad in the major key is the diminished leading tone triad. Since it is the only diminished triad in major and because it contains the tritone, it is the chord that most effectively allows you to hear the tonic. By constructing a leading tone triad before any major or…
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Diatonic Chord Orbits
I’ve been playing around with circle diagrams. We are titling the following chart “Diatonic Chord Orbits”: It is a nice way to demonstrate the relationships and shared tones between dominant and leading tone sevenths with other diatonic chords. Note that the inner circle contains only primary chords and that all the major scale tones are…
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